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Zagoruiko
Peter's Problem World with FIDE Master of Chess
Composition
Peter Wong
New terms introduced here
are also added to Peter's
Glossary of Chess Problem Terms.
|
Changed play
represents one of the essential ideas in
directmate
problems, especially
two-movers
where it is most commonly found.
In response to a certain black
defence,
White makes a mating move in the
actual play
that is surprisingly different from that in another
phase,
such as
set play
and
try play,
against the same defence.
This concept of changed play is intensified in the
zagoruiko
theme,
which specifies a framework of changed variations. A two-mover
demonstrates the Zagoruiko scheme if the following occurs: at least
two black defences lead to changed white mates, with each defence
provoking at least three different white mates in separate phases.
The theme is named after a Russian composer who devised some notable
examples in the 1950s. |
|
Lastly, the key 1.Qf2! (waiting) produces a completely different pair
of mates, 1…Kd5 2.Qxd4 and 1…Kd3 2.Qe2, and also prepares for
1…d3 with 2.Nc3.
But after the key, this 1…dxc4 move ironically provokes
the very mate, 2.Qe3, it stopped previously. Similarly, the try 1.Kf3?
threatened a mate, 2.Be3, that was prevented by 1…dxe4+, but after the key,
Black’s 1…dxe4 actually induces that same mate, 2.Be3.
The solution is 1.Nd3!, which observes e5 and
frees the other knight to mate, 1…Ne2 2.Ne3 and 1…Nh3 2.Nh6.
There are two
by-play variations, 1…Re4 2.fxe4
and 1…e5 2.Qxf6.
|
77. Gerhard
Maleika
Echecs Francais
1981
1st Prize
   
 
  
 
   
Mate in 2 |
Problem 77 features a
complex 3x3 Zagoruiko that incorporates three thematic defences, but the
variations follow a clear logic. Two tries and the key are made by the
b7-rook, whose opening of the bishop line sets up a threat, 2.Qxd5.
Each of the three defences,
1…Bd4, 1…Raxa8, and 1…Rhxa8, leads to three changed mates. But
curiously some of these mating moves recur against different black
defences, so that instead of a total of nine different mates, only six
mates transpire – this idea is called a reduced Zagoruiko.
The first try 1.Rb4? supports
the queen’s guard on d4: 1…Bd4 2.Qxd4, 1…Raxa8 2.Nd3, and 1…Rhxa8 2.Qh5,
but 1…d4! refutes.
The second try 1.Rh7? shuts off
the rook on h8: 1…Bd4 2.Qh5, 1…Raxa8 2.g4, and 1…Rhxa8 2.Rh5, but 1…Rd3!
refutes. |
The key 1.Rb3! shuts off the other black rook:
1…Bd4 2.Nd3, 1…Raxa8 2.Re3, and 1…Rhxa8 2.g4. (Also,
1…d4 2.Nd3.)
|
Have a go at solving 78
which has, in addition to set play, a try phase that is attractively
analogous to the actual play.
The solution will appear next month. |
|
78. Michel
Caillaud
British Chess Problem Society, Kingston 1999
Prize
  
 
Mate in 2 |
|
72. Miodrag
Mladenovic
Mat Theme
Tourney 1984
2nd Prize
Mate in 2 |
|
Solution to Problem 72 in
the previous column:
The try 1.Ra8? threatens 2.Qb8,
1…Qh6 2.f4, 1…Ne4 2.Nf3, and 1…d4 2.Ra5, but 1…bxc3!
The key 1.Rf3! threatens
2.Qf6 and produces three changes, 1…Qh6 2.Qf4, 1…Ne4 2.Nf7,
and 1…d4 2.Rc5. |
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